Swadhyaya & Textual Analysis
Weekly Classes (साप्ताहिक-वर्गाः)
Key definitions, epistemological concepts, and logical frameworks studied during our weekly sessions.
Logical Framework
Tarka Sangraha: Core Definitions
Definition of Padarthatvam
अभिधेयत्वं पदार्थसामान्यलक्षणम्
The general characteristic of being a knowable/nameable entity (Padartha) is its knowability.
Definition of Avyapti (Too Narrow Definition)
लक्ष्यैकदेशावृत्तित्वमव्याप्तिः
Avyapti occurs when a definition fails to apply to a part of the intended target class.
Definition of Ativyapti (Overly Broad Definition)
अलक्ष्यवृत्तित्वमतिव्याप्तिः लक्षणस्य वर्तनमतिव्याप्तिः
Ativyapti occurs when a definition improperly extends to items outside the intended target class.
Definition of Asambhava (Impossible Definition)
लक्ष्यमात्राऽवर्तनमसम्भवः
Asambhava occurs when the defined characteristic does not exist anywhere within the target class.
Definition of Lakshanam (Valid Definition)
एतद्दूषणत्रयरहितो धर्मो लक्षणम्
A valid definition is a characteristic completely free from the three logical flaws (Avyapti, Ativyapti, and Asambhava).
Definition of Asaadhaaranatvam
लक्ष्यतावच्छेदकसमनियतत्वमसाधारणत्वम्
The quality of being an extraordinary or exclusive qualifier coterminous with the target boundary.
Definition of Lakshanam (Refined)
व्यावृत्तावभिधेयत्वादौ चातिव्याप्तिवारणाय तद्भिन्नत्वं धर्मविशेषणं
Refined to exclude ativyapti from vyavrutti by introducing distinct qualifying conditions.
Definition of Dravyam (Substance)
द्रव्यत्वजातिमत्त्वं गुणवत्त्वं वा द्रव्यसामान्यलक्षणम्
The general definition of a substance is possessing the universal attribute of 'Dravyatva' or possessing qualities (guna).
Definition of Dravyam (Refined)
गुणसमानाधिकरणसत्ताभिन्नजातिमत्त्वम्
Refined definition to resolve the logical flaw where qualities do not exist simultaneously with the substance during its initial creation and final destruction.
Definition of Guna
द्रव्यकर्मभिन्नत्वे सति सामान्यवान् गुणः | गुणत्वजातिमान्वा |
Quality is that which posseses Samanya and which is different from Dravya and karma. Or which posseses qualityness.
Definition of Karma
संयोगभिन्नत्वे सति संयोगासमवायिकारणं कर्म। कर्मत्वजातिमद्वा
An action is the non inherent cause of movement that causes two things to come into contact with each other, while being distinct from the contact itself. Or can be defind as something belonging to the universal set of "actions".
Definition of Prithivi (Earth)
गन्धसमानाधिकरणद्रव्यत्वापरजातिमत्वम्
Earth is a specific type of dravya whose unique defining characteristic is that it has a smell.
Definition of Nityatva and Anityatva
नित्यत्वं ध्वंसाप्रतियोगित्वम्। अनित्यत्वं ध्वंसप्रतियोगित्वम्।
Eternality is being non liable to destruction. Non-eternality is being liable to destruction
Definition of Body
आत्मनो भोगायतनं शरीरम्। यदवच्छिन्नात्मनि भोगो जायते तद्भोगायतनम्। सुखदुःखान्यतरसाक्षात्कारो भोगः।
Body is the boundary for the soul in which experiences(good and bad) takes place.
Definition of Organ
शब्देतरोद्भूतविशेषगुणानाश्रयत्वे सति ज्ञानकारणमनस्संयोगाश्रयत्वमिन्द्रियत्वम्
Organ is the substratum of contact with mind which causes knowledge, while not being the substratum of any manifested special quality except sound.
Definition of Object
शरीरेन्द्रियभिन्नो विषयः
Object is which is different from organ and body.
Definition of Aapah (Water)
शीतस्पर्शसमानाधिकरणद्रव्यत्वापरजातिमत्त्वं
Water is a specific type of dravya whose unique defining characteristic is that it has cold touch.